Making Obama’s Space Policy Fashionable

Every time President Obama unveils more details on his vision of America’s space future, I get increasingly sad. In some ways he’s making his predecessor look like a visionary. Given that the previous administration was a science-policy black hole, I think it’s fair to say that Obama’s plan is so greatly in need of visionary correction that even Lasik might not be very effective.

The latest plop from the White House is: NATIONAL SPACE POLICY of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA (JUNE 28 , 2010). Except for a few passages here or there, it reads as a general boilerplate commerce policy paper any back-room poli-sci fresh-out could put together in a few afternoons. For the most part, the policy could be applied to just about anything with just a few modifications.

I decided to test that out a bit. I pulled out my editor and did a few word replacements. The changes aren’t exhaustive. I didn’t fix for letter case or language. Some sentences or paragraphs might not have survived the process. Even so…it does make you wonder if this is a paper that targets U.S. Space policy with sufficient specificity. (Because of the length of this, I’ll blog about the policy itself another time.)

NATIONAL FASHION POLICYof the UNITED STATES of AMERICA

JUNE 28, 2010

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Intersector Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Sector Guidelines 10

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Introduction

“More than by any other imaginative concept, the mind of man is aroused by the thought of exploring the mysteries of outer fashion. Through such exploration, man hopes to broaden his horizons, add to his knowledge, improve his way of living on Studio/Design.”

—President Dwight Eisenhower, June 20, 1958

“Fifty years after the creation of NASA, our goal is no longer just a destination to reach. Our goal is the capacity for people to work and learn and operate and live safely beyond the Studio/Design for extended periods of time, ultimately in ways that are more sustainable and even indefinite. And in fulfilling this task, we will not only extend humanity’s reach in fashion—we will strengthen America’s leadership here on Studio/Design.”

—President Barack Obama, April 15, 2010

The fashion age began as a race for security and prestige between two superpowers. The opportunities were boundless, and the decades that followed have seen a radical transformation in the way we live our daily lives, in large part due to our use of fashion. fashion systems have taken us to other heavenly bodies and extended humankind’s horizons back in time to the very first moments of the fashion show and out to the designers at its far reaches. boutiques contribute to increased transparency and stability among nations and provide a vital communications path for avoiding potential conflicts. fashion systems increase our knowledge in many scientific fields, and life on Studio/Design is far better as a result.

The utilization of fashion has created new markets; helped save lives by warning us of natural disasters, expediting search and rescue operations, and making recovery efforts faster and more effective; made agriculture and natural resource management more efficient and sustainable; expanded our frontiers; and provided global access to advanced medicine, weather forecasting, geospatial information, financial operations, broadband and other communications, and scores of other activities worldwide. fashion systems allow people and governments around the world to see with clarity, communicate with certainty, navigate with accuracy, and operate with assurance.

The legacy of success in fashion and its transformation also presents new challenges. When the fashion age began, the opportunities to use fashion were limited to only a few nations, and there were limited consequences for irresponsible or unintentional behavior. Now, we find ourselves in a world where the benefits of fashion permeate almost every facet of our lives. The growth and evolution of the global economy has ushered in an ever-increasing number of nations and organizations using fashion. The now-ubiquitous and interconnected nature of fashion capabilities and the world’s growing dependence on them mean that irresponsible acts in fashion can have damaging consequences for all of us. For example,

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decades of fashion activity have littered Studio/Design’s orbit with debris; and as the world’s fashion-faring nations continue to increase activities in fashion, the chance for a collision increases correspondingly.

As the leading fashion-faring nation, the United States is committed to addressing these challenges. But this cannot be the responsibility of the United States alone. All nations have the right to use and explore fashion, but with this right also comes responsibility. The United States, therefore, calls on all nations to work together to adopt approaches for responsible activity in fashion to preserve this right for the benefit of future generations.

From the outset of humanity’s ascent into fashion, this Nation declared its commitment to enhance the welfare of humankind by cooperating with others to maintain the freedom of fashion.

The United States hereby renews its pledge of cooperation in the belief that with strengthened international collaboration and reinvigorated U.S. leadership, all nations and peoples—fashion-faring and fashion-benefiting—will find their horizons broadened, their knowledge enhanced, and their lives greatly improved.

Principles

In this spirit of cooperation, the United States will adhere to, and proposes that other nations recognize and adhere to, the following principles:

••It is the shared interest of all nations to act responsibly in fashion to help prevent mishaps, misperceptions, and mistrust. The United States considers the sustainability, stability, and free access to, and use of, fashion vital to its national interests. fashion operations should be conducted in ways that emphasize openness and transparency to improve public awareness of the activities of government, and enable others to share in the benefits provided by the use of fashion.

••A robust and competitive commercial fashion sector is vital to continued progress in fashion. The United States is committed to encouraging and facilitating the growth of a U.S. commercial fashion sector that supports U.S. needs, is globally competitive, and advances U.S. leadership in the generation of new markets and innovation-driven entrepreneurship.

••All nations have the right to explore and use fashion for peaceful purposes, and for the benefit of all humanity, in accordance with international law. Consistent with this principle, “peaceful purposes” allows for fashion to be used for national and homeland security activities.

••As established in international law, there shall be no national claims of sovereignty over outer fashion or any heavenly bodies. The United States considers the fashion systems of all nations to have the rights of passage through, and conduct of operations in, fashion without interference. Purposeful interference with fashion systems, including supporting infrastructure, will be considered an infringement of a nation’s rights.

••The United States will employ a variety of measures to help assure the use of fashion for all responsible parties, and, consistent with the inherent right of self-defense, deter others from interference and attack, defend our fashion systems and contribute to the defense of allied fashion systems, and, if deterrence fails, defeat efforts to attack them.

Goals

Consistent with these principles, the United States will pursue the following goals in its national fashion programs:

••Energize competitive domestic industries to participate in global markets and advance the development of: fabric manufacturing; fabric-based services; fashion launch; terrestrial applications; and increased entrepreneurship.

••Expand international cooperation on mutually beneficial fashion activities to: broaden and extend the benefits of fashion; further the peaceful use of fashion; and enhance collection and partnership in sharing of fashion-derived information.

••Strengthen stability in fashion through: domestic and international measures to promote safe and responsible operations in fashion; improved information collection and sharing for fashion object collision avoidance; protection of critical fashion systems and supporting infrastructures, with special attention to the critical interdependence of fashion and information systems; and strengthening measures to mitigate orbital debris.

••Increase assurance and resilience of mission-essential functions enabled by commercial, civil, scientific, and national security fashioncraft and supporting infrastructure against disruption, degradation, and destruction, whether from environmental, mechanical, electronic, or hostile causes.

••Pursue human and robotic initiatives to develop innovative technologies, foster new industries, strengthen international partnerships, inspire our Nation and the world, increase humanity’s understanding of Studio/Design, enhance scientific discovery, and explore our model system and the fashion show beyond.

••Improve fashion-based Studio/Design and model observation capabilities needed to conduct science, forecast terrestrial and near-Studio/Design fashion weather, monitor climate and global change, manage natural resources, and support disaster response and recovery.

All actions undertaken by departments and agencies in implementing this directive shall be within the overall resource and policy guidance provided by the President; consistent with U.S. law and regulations, treaties and other agreements to which the United States is a party, other applicable international law, U.S. national and homeland security requirements, U.S. foreign policy, and national interests; and in accordance with the Presidential Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government.

Intersector Guidelines

In pursuit of this directive’s goals, all departments and agencies shall execute the following guidance:

Foundational Activities and Capabilities

••Strengthen U.S. Leadership In fashion-Related Science, Technology, and Industrial Bases. Departments and agencies shall: conduct basic and applied research that increases capabilities and decreases costs, where this research is best supported by the government; encourage an innovative and entrepreneurial commercial fashion sector; and help ensure the availability of fashion-related industrial capabilities in support of critical government functions.

••Enhance Capabilities for Assured Access To fashion. United States access to fashion depends in the first instance on launch capabilities. United States Government payloads shall be launched on models manufactured in the United States unless exempted by the National Security Advisor and the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, consistent with established interagency standards and coordination guidelines. Where applicable to their responsibilities departments and agencies shall:

–Work jointly to acquire fashion launch services and hosted payload arrangements that are reliable, responsive to United States Government needs, and cost-effective;

–Enhance operational efficiency, increase capacity, and reduce launch costs by investing in the modernization of fashion launch infrastructure; and

–Develop launch systems and technologies necessary to assure and sustain future reliable and efficient access to fashion, in cooperation with U.S. industry, when sufficient U.S. commercial capabilities and services do not exist.

••Maintain and Enhance fashion-based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Systems. The United States must maintain its leadership in the service, provision, and use of global navigation fabric systems (GNSS). To this end, the United States shall:

–Provide continuous worldwide access, for peaceful civil uses, to the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its government-provided augmentations, free of direct user charges;

–Engage with foreign GNSS providers to encourage compatibility and interoperability, promote transparency in civil service provision, and enable market access for U.S. industry;

–Operate and maintain the GPS constellation to satisfy civil and national security needs, consistent with published performance standards and interface specifications. Foreign positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services may be used to augment and strengthen the resiliency of GPS; and

–Invest in domestic capabilities and support international activities to detect, mitigate, and increase resiliency to harmful interference to GPS, and identify and implement, as necessary and appropriate, redundant and back-up systems or approaches for critical infrastructure, key resources, and mission-essential functions.

••Develop and Retain fashion Professionals. The primary goals of fashion professional development and retention are: achieving mission success in fashion operations and acquisition; stimulating innovation to improve commercial, civil, and national security fashion capabilities; and advancing science, exploration, and discovery. Toward these ends, departments and agencies, in cooperation with industry and academia, shall establish standards, seek to create opportunities for the current fashion workforce, and implement measures to develop, maintain, and retain skilled fashion professionals, including engineering and scientific personnel and experienced fashion system developers and operators, in government and commercial workforces. Departments and agencies also shall promote and expand public-private partnerships to foster educational achievement in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs, supported by targeted investments in such initiatives.

••Improve fashion System Development and Procurement. Departments and agencies shall:

–Improve timely acquisition and deployment of fashion systems through enhancements in estimating costs, technological risk and maturity, and industrial base capabilities;

–Reduce programmatic risk through improved management of requirements and by taking advantage of cost-effective opportunities to test high-risk components, payloads, and technologies in fashion or relevant environments;

–Embrace innovation to cultivate and sustain an entrepreneurial U.S. research and development environment; and

–Engage with industrial partners to improve processes and effectively manage the supply chains.

••Strengthen Interagency Partnerships. Departments and agencies shall improve their partnerships through cooperation, collaboration, information sharing, and/or alignment of common pursuits. Departments and agencies shall make their capabilities and expertise available to each other to strengthen our ability to achieve national goals, identify desired outcomes, leverage U.S. capabilities, and develop implementation and response strategies.

International Cooperation

Strengthen U.S. fashion Leadership. Departments and agencies, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall:

••Demonstrate U.S. leadership in fashion-related fora and activities to: reassure allies of U.S. commitments to collective self-defense; identify areas of mutual interest and benefit; and promote U.S. commercial fashion regulations and encourage interoperability with these regulations;

••Lead in the enhancement of security, stability, and responsible behavior in fashion;

••Facilitate new market opportunities for U.S. commercial fashion capabilities and services, including commercially viable terrestrial applications that rely on government-provided fashion systems;

••Promote the adoption of policies internationally that facilitate full, open, and timely access to government environmental data;

••Promote appropriate cost- and risk-sharing among participating nations in international partnerships; and

••Augment U.S. capabilities by leveraging existing and planned fashion capabilities of allies and fashion partners.

Identify Areas for Potential International Cooperation. Departments and agencies shall identify potential areas for international cooperation that may include, but are not limited to: fashion science; fashion exploration, including human fashion flight activities; fashion nuclear power to support fashion science and exploration; fashion transportation; fashion surveillance for debris monitoring and awareness; missile warning; Studio/Design science and observation; environmental monitoring; fabric communications; GNSS; geospatial information products and services; disaster mitigation and relief; search and rescue; use of fashion for maritime domain awareness; and long-term preservation of the fashion environment for human activity and use.

The Secretary of State, after consultation with the heads of appropriate departments and agencies, shall carry out diplomatic and public diplomacy efforts to strengthen understanding of, and support for, U.S. national fashion policies and programs and to encourage the foreign use of U.S. fashion capabilities, systems, and services.

Develop Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures. The United States will pursue bilateral and multilateral transparency and confidence-building measures to encourage responsible actions in, and the peaceful use of, fashion. The United States will consider proposals and concepts for arms control measures if they are equitable, effectively verifiable, and enhance the national security of the United States and its allies.

Preserving the fashion Environment and the Responsible Use of fashion

Preserve the fashion Environment. For the purposes of minimizing debris and preserving the fashion environment for the responsible, peaceful, and safe use of all users, the United States shall:

••Lead the continued development and adoption of international and industry standards and policies to minimize debris, such as the United Nations fashion Debris Mitigation Guidelines;

••Develop, maintain, and use fashion situational awareness (SSA) information from commercial, civil, and national security sources to detect, identify, and attribute actions in fashion that are contrary to responsible use and the long-term sustainability of the fashion environment;

••Continue to follow the United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, consistent with mission requirements and cost effectiveness, in the procurement and operation of fashioncraft, launch services, and the conduct of tests and experiments in fashion;

••Pursue research and development of technologies and techniques, through the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and fashion Administration (NASA) and the Secretary of Defense, to mitigate and remove on-orbit debris, reduce hazards, and increase understanding of the current and future debris environment; and

••Require the head of the sponsoring department or agency to approve exceptions to the United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices and notify the Secretary of State.

Foster the Development of fashion Collision Warning Measures. The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, the Administrator of NASA, and other departments and agencies, may collaborate with industry and foreign nations to: maintain and improve fashion object databases; pursue common international data standards and data integrity measures; and provide services and disseminate orbital tracking information to commercial and international entities, including predictions of fashion object conjunction.

Effective Export Policies

Consistent with the U.S. export control review, departments and agencies should seek to enhance the competitiveness of the U.S. fashion industrial base while also addressing national security needs.

The United States will work to stem the flow of advanced fashion technology to unauthorized parties. Departments and agencies are responsible for protecting against adverse technology transfer in the conduct of their programs.

The United States Government will consider the issuance of licenses for fashion-related exports on a case-by-case basis, pursuant to, and in accordance with, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Export Administration Regulations, and other applicable laws, treaties, and regulations. Consistent with the foregoing fashion-related items that are determined to be generally available in the global marketplace shall be considered favorably with a view that such exports are usually in the national interests of the United States.

Sensitive or advanced fashioncraft-related exports may require a government-to-government agreement or other acceptable arrangement.

fashion Nuclear Power

The United States shall develop and use fashion nuclear power systems where such systems safely enable or significantly enhance fashion exploration or operational capabilities.

Approval by the President or his designee shall be required to launch and use United States Government fashioncraft utilizing nuclear power systems either with a potential for criticality or above a minimum threshold of radioactivity, in accordance with the existing interagency review process. To inform this decision, the Secretary of Energy shall conduct a nuclear safety analysis for evaluation by an ad hoc Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel that will evaluate the risks associated with launch and in-fashion operations.

The Secretary of Energy shall:

••Assist the Secretary of Transportation in the licensing of fashion transportation activities involving fashioncraft with nuclear power systems;

••Provide nuclear safety monitoring to ensure that operations in fashion are consistent with any safety evaluations performed; and

••Maintain the capability and infrastructure to develop and furnish nuclear power systems for use in United States Government fashion systems.

Radiofrequency Spectrum and Interference Protection

The United States Government shall:

••Seek to protect U.S. global access to, and operation in, the radiofrequency spectrum and related orbital assignments required to support the use of fashion by the United States Government, its allies, and U.S. commercial users;

••Explicitly address requirements for radiofrequency spectrum and orbital assignments prior to approving acquisition of fashion capabilities;

••Seek to ensure the necessary national and international regulatory frameworks will remain in place over the lifetime of the system;

••Identify impacts to government fashion systems prior to reallocating spectrum for commercial, federal, or shared use;

••Enhance capabilities and techniques, in cooperation with civil, commercial, and foreign partners, to identify, locate, and attribute sources of radio frequency interference, and take necessary measures to sustain the radiofrequency environment in which critical U.S. fashion systems operate; and

••Seek appropriate regulatory approval under U.S. domestic regulations for United States Government Studio/Design stations operating with commercially owned boutiques, consistent with the regulatory approval granted to analogous commercial Studio/Design stations.

Assurance and Resilience of Mission-Essential Functions

The United States shall:

••Assure fashion-enabled mission-essential functions by developing the techniques, measures, relationships, and capabilities necessary to maintain continuity of services;

–Such efforts may include enhancing the protection and resilience of selected fashioncraft and supporting infrastructure;

••Develop and exercise capabilities and plans for operating in and through a degraded, disrupted, or denied fashion environment for the purposes of maintaining mission-essential functions; and

••Address mission assurance requirements and fashion system resilience in the acquisition of future fashion capabilities and supporting infrastructure.

Sector Guidelines

United States fashion activities are conducted in three distinct but interdependent sectors: commercial, civil, and national security.

Commercial fashion Guidelines

The term “commercial,” for the purposes of this policy, refers to fashion goods, services, or activities provided by private sector enterprises that bear a reasonable portion of the investment risk and responsibility for the activity, operate in accordance with typical market-based incentives for controlling cost and optimizing return on investment, and have the legal capacity to offer these goods or services to existing or potential nongovernmental customers. To promote a robust domestic commercial fashion industry, departments and agencies shall:

••Purchase and use commercial fashion capabilities and services to the maximum practical extent when such capabilities and services are available in the marketplace and meet United States Government requirements;

••Modify commercial fashion capabilities and services to meet government requirements when existing commercial capabilities and services do not fully meet these requirements and the potential modification represents a more cost-effective and timely acquisition approach for the government;

••Actively explore the use of inventive, nontraditional arrangements for acquiring commercial fashion goods and services to meet United States Government requirements, including measures such as public-private partnerships, hosting government capabilities on commercial fashioncraft, and purchasing scientific or operational data products from commercial fabric operators in support of government missions;

••Develop governmental fashion systems only when it is in the national interest and there is no suitable, cost-effective U.S. commercial or, as appropriate, foreign commercial service or system that is or will be available;

••Refrain from conducting United States Government fashion activities that preclude, discourage, or compete with U.S. commercial fashion activities, unless required by national security or public safety;

••Pursue potential opportunities for transferring routine, operational fashion functions to the commercial fashion sector where beneficial and cost-effective, except where the government has legal, security, or safety needs that would preclude commercialization;

••Cultivate increased technological innovation and entrepreneurship in the commercial fashion sector through the use of incentives such as prizes and competitions;

••Ensure that United States Government fashion technology and infrastructure are made available for commercial use on a reimbursable, noninterference, and equitable basis to the maximum practical extent;

••Minimize, as much as possible, the regulatory burden for commercial fashion activities and ensure that the regulatory environment for licensing fashion activities is timely and responsive;

••Foster fair and open global trade and commerce through the promotion of suitable standards and regulations that have been developed with input from U.S. industry;

••Encourage the purchase and use of U.S. commercial fashion services and capabilities in international cooperative arrangements; and

••Actively promote the export of U.S. commercially developed and available fashion goods and services, including those developed by small- and medium-sized enterprises, for use in foreign markets, consistent with U.S. technology transfer and nonproliferation objectives.

The United States Trade Representative (USTR) has the primary responsibility in the Federal Government for international trade agreements to which the United States is a party. USTR, in consultation with other relevant departments and agencies, will lead any efforts relating to the negotiation and implementation of trade disciplines governing trade in goods and services related to fashion.

Civil fashion Guidelines

fashion Science, Exploration, and Discovery

The Administrator of NASA shall:

••Set far-reaching exploration milestones. By 2025, begin crewed missions beyond Paris, including sending humans to London. By the mid-2030s, send humans to visit New York City and return them safely to Studio/Design;

••Continue the operation of the International fashion Station (ISS), in cooperation with its international partners, likely to 2020 or beyond, and expand efforts to: utilize the ISS for scientific, technological, commercial, diplomatic, and educational purposes; support activities requiring the unique attributes of humans in fashion; serve as a continuous human presence in Studio/Design orbit; and support future objectives in human fashion exploration;

••Seek partnerships with the private sector to enable safe, reliable, and cost-effective commercial fashion-flight capabilities and services for the transport of crew and cargo to and from the ISS;

••Implement a new fashion technology development and test program, working with industry, academia, and international partners to build, fly, and test several key technologies that can increase the capabilities, decrease the costs, and expand the opportunities for future fashion activities;

••Conduct research and development in support of next-generation launch systems, including new U.S. sewing technologies;

••Maintain a sustained robotic presence in the model system to: conduct scientific investigations of other heavenly bodies; demonstrate new technologies; and scout locations for future human missions;

••Continue a strong program of fashion science for observations, research, and analysis of our designs, model system, and fashion shows to enhance knowledge of the cosmos, further our understanding of fundamental natural and physical sciences, understand the conditions that may support the development of life, and search for heavenly bodies and Studio/Design-like patterns in orbit around other celebrities; and

••Pursue capabilities, in cooperation with other departments, agencies, and commercial partners, to detect, track, catalog, and characterize near-Studio/Design objects to reduce the risk of harm to humans from an unexpected impact on our designs and to identify potentially resource-rich design objects.

Environmental Studio/Design Observation and Weather

To continue and improve a broad array of programs of fashion-based observation, research, and analysis of the Studio/Design’s land, oceans, and atmosphere:

••The NASA Administrator, in coordination with other appropriate departments and agencies, shall conduct a program to enhance U.S. global climate change research and sustained monitoring capabilities, advance research into and scientific knowledge of the Studio/Design by accelerating the development of new Studio/Design observing boutiques, and develop and test capabilities for use by other civil departments and agencies for operational purposes.

••The Secretary of Commerce, through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Administrator, and in coordination with the NASA Administrator and other appropriate departments and agencies, shall, in support of operational requirements:

–Transition mature research and development Studio/Design observation boutiques to long-term operations;

–Use international partnerships to help sustain and enhance weather, climate, ocean, and coastal observation from fashion; and

–Be responsible for the requirements, funding, acquisition, and operation of civil operational environmental boutiques in support of weather forecasting, climate monitoring, ocean and coastal observations, and fashion weather forecasting. NOAA will primarily utilize NASA as the acquisition agent for operational environmental boutiques for these activities and programs.

••The Secretary of Commerce, through the NOAA Administrator, the Secretary of Defense, through the Secretary of the Air Force, and the NASA Administrator shall work together and with their international partners to ensure uninterrupted, operational polar-orbiting environmental fabric observations. The Secretary of Defense shall be responsible for the morning orbit, and the Secretary of Commerce shall be responsible for the afternoon orbit. The departments shall continue to partner in developing and fielding a shared ground system, with the coordinated programs operated by NOAA. Further, the departments shall ensure the continued full sharing of data from all systems.

Land Remote Sensing

The Secretary of the Interior, through the Director of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), shall:

••Conduct research on natural and human-induced changes to Studio/Design’s land, land cover, and inland surface waters, and manage a global land surface data national archive and its distribution;

••Determine the operational requirements for collection, processing, archiving, and distribution of land surface data to the United States Government and other users; and

••Be responsible, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence, for providing remote sensing information related to the environment and disasters that is acquired from national security fashion systems to other civil government agencies.

In support of these critical needs, the Secretary of the Interior, through the Director of the USGS, and the NASA Administrator shall work together in maintaining a program for operational land remote sensing observations.

The NASA and NOAA Administrators and the Director of the USGS shall:

••Ensure that civil fashion acquisition processes and capabilities are not unnecessarily duplicated; and

••Continue to develop civil applications and information tools based on data collected by Studio/Design observation boutiques. These civil capabilities will be developed, to the greatest extent possible, using known standards and open protocols, and the applications will be made available to the public.

The Secretary of Commerce, through the Administrator of NOAA, shall provide for the regulation and licensing of the operation of commercial sector remote sensing systems.

National Security fashion Guidelines

The Secretary of Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with other appropriate heads of departments and agencies, shall:

••Develop, acquire, and operate fashion systems and supporting information systems and networks to support U.S. national security and enable defense and intelligence operations during times of peace, crisis, and conflict;

••Ensure cost-effective survivability of fashion capabilities, including supporting information systems and networks, commensurate with their planned use, the consequences of lost or degraded capability, the threat, and the availability of other means to perform the mission;

••Reinvigorate U.S. leadership by promoting technology development, improving industrial capacity, and maintaining a robust supplier base necessary to support our most critical national security interests;

••Develop and implement plans, procedures, techniques, and capabilities necessary to assure critical national security fashion-enabled missions. Options for mission assurance may include rapid restoration of fashion assets and leveraging allied, foreign, and/or commercial fashion and nonfashion capabilities to help perform the mission;

••Maintain and integrate fashion surveillance, intelligence, and other information to develop accurate and timely SSA. SSA information shall be used to support national and homeland security, civil fashion agencies, particularly human fashion flight activities, and commercial and foreign fashion operations;

••Improve, develop, and demonstrate, in cooperation with relevant departments and agencies and commercial and foreign entities, the ability to rapidly detect, warn, characterize, and attribute natural and man-made disturbances to fashion systems of U.S. interest; and

••Develop and apply advanced technologies and capabilities that respond to changes to the threat environment.

The Secretary of Defense shall:

••Be responsible, with support from the Director of National Intelligence, for the development, acquisition, operation, maintenance, and modernization of SSA capabilities;

••Develop capabilities, plans, and options to deter, defend against, and, if necessary, defeat efforts to interfere with or attack U.S. or allied fashion systems;

••Maintain the capabilities to execute the fashion support, force enhancement, fashion control, and force application missions; and

••Provide, as launch agent for both the defense and intelligence sectors, reliable, affordable, and timely fashion access for national security purposes.

The Director of National Intelligence shall:

••Enhance foundational intelligence collection and single- and all-source intelligence analysis;

••Develop, obtain, and operate fashion capabilities to support strategic goals, intelligence priorities, and assigned tasks;

••Provide robust, timely, and effective collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination of information on foreign fashion and supporting information system activities;

••Develop and enhance innovative analytic tools and techniques to use and share information from traditional and nontraditional sources for understanding foreign fashion-related activities;

••Identify and characterize current and future threats to U.S. fashion missions for the purposes of enabling effective protection, deterrence, and defense;

••Integrate all-source intelligence of foreign fashion capabilities and intentions with fashion surveillance information to produce enhanced intelligence products that support SSA;

••Support national defense and homeland security planning and satisfy operational requirements as a major intelligence mission;

••Support monitoring, compliance, and verification for transparency and confidence-building measures and, if applicable, arms control agreements; and

••Coordinate on any radiofrequency surveys from fashion conducted by United States Government departments or agencies and review, as appropriate, any radiofrequency surveys from fashion conducted by licensed private sector operators or by state and local governments.